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Compare Arctic Ocean (2003) - Bermuda (2001)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2003) z Bermuda (2001)

 Arctic Ocean (2003)Bermuda (2001)
 Arctic OceanBermuda
Administrative divisions - 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure - 0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230)

15-64 years:
69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309)

65 years and over:
11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports - 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total:
58.8 sq km

land:
58.8 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate - 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$504.6 million

expenditures:
$537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98)
Capital - Hamilton
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 45,389 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name - conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Bermuda

former:
Somers Islands
Currency - Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate - 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN

consulate(s) general:
Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton

mailing address:
P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300

telephone:
[1] (441) 295-1342

FAX:
[1] (441) 295-1592
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - $27.9 million (1995)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors.
Electricity - consumption - 511.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 550 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space
Ethnic groups - black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates - Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch - chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997)

head of government:
Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier
Exports - $56 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners - UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
1%

industry:
10%

services:
89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways - total:
225 km

paved:
225 km

unpaved:
0 km

note:
in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports - $739 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners - US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing
Infant mortality rate - 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 20 (2000)
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - 35,296 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation - clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)
Languages - English (official), Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
77.12 years

male:
75.04 years

female:
79.06 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
99% (1970 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Arctic Region North America
Maritime claims - exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality - noun:
Bermudian(s)

adjective:
Bermudian
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate - 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER]
Population - 63,503 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 0.74% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Hamilton, Saint George
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 82,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio - at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern, fully automatic telephone system

international:
3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (1997)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate - 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Transportation - note sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways -
Unemployment rate - NEGL% (1995)
Waterways - none
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